Editing Techniques:
In-camera editing:
In camera editing is a technique which is used and consists of editing the shots in a film in a sequence after shooting, Each scene runs in order and the length of each scene must be as you intend it to be at the end of filming so that, by the time all of your scenes have been shot, you’re left with a completely finished video running from start to finish.
This form of editing simply involves shooting the scenes of your film in the exact sequence they are going to appear in the finished video without any kind of room for error or editing using software’s.
In camera editing is still used today however it isn’t at its peak due to the access to various editing platforms which enable us to have more variety in what we edit but still, on a positive note, this is still a cheap, easy and time-saving option which many people including Media students like myself may opt for.
An example of a film which uses or has used in camera editing is Lumiere Films for example, the film which is based on a train leaving leaving the station or student films such as the Super 8 Student film which is linked below also.
Shot variation:
Shot variation is when a stream or a variety of images are edited uninterruptedly and used in order to show a continuous motion.
This form of editing is used today all across the board in the sense that it has become very common to vary your shots and switch from for example a wide shot to a close up, this is just the way in which films have developed and changed as has become most commonly used in upbeat films such as action movies or films which contain the use of emotion of feelings as shot variations enables the audience to understand various points of views other than just one.
An example of shot variation is Inception and The Matrix 1999 which is also useful because it shows a variety of shots for example, close ups to wide shots and tilting shots.
The video shown above taken from inception shows how the variation of shots denote different things to us in the sense that through the way that the shots change varying from Close ups to Wide shots for instance enables us to firstly understand the facts of the film for example the surroundings enable us to paint a picture of which situation the character is in but most importantly, the switch from shots for instance wide shot to close up to extreme close up may enable us to begin to connect to the character in this case on a personal level as we are able to feel connected with them through the emotions for instance fear, upset, disappointment or anger which they show and we are presented with. An example of this is in the clip shown able, at about 0:03, we are exposed to a close up of a face which seems to have been beaten up as shown through the bruising/scars and the watery eyes which denote pain, at 0:10, it then switches to another shot which shows the man whom the character was talking to but we did not see. The changing of shots slowly enabled the audience to unravel a piece of a story and look at the film/storyline from different aspects.
Multiple points of view:
Multiple points of view may seem quite self-explanatory but it is just essentially where something is happening in a scene and involves two or multiple characters so all points of view are seen so for instance, a scene may show one characters point of view and then cut to another one and so on so forth.
In the case of this scene shown, Multiple points of view is shown in order to represent the distinction between what is good or what is bad or just simply the two opposing views of two different people for instance, when One character would say something, there would be a quick cut to the other character in order to demonstrate what the other one said or replied and this simple switch already simple shows two points of view or even through the fact that in this clip, there are constantly cuts between the characters which therefore show how both of them think, feel and react to certain situations. The effect of this is that it has the ability allow us to view life from 2 points of view there understanding each character equally.
Following the action:
Following the action is essentially where the camera follows through the action of both the antagonist and protagonist on their quest or and essentially shows their footsteps.
The purpose of this is to allow the audience to see the different perspectives which is usually on good and the other one being bad or visa versa. Match on action and Parallel editing also enables them to help us as the audience understand the characters as individuals so we can learn more about her whilst also being able to reasoning things and gain deeper meaning.
The example of Following the action are James Bond, Aston Martin and The Good, Bad and Ugly.
The example given for the James Bond, Aston Martin clip shown above where Bond is shown in various cuts whether it is the car which he is driving in, his facial expressions, the locations, extreme close ups of Bond's eyes or whatever it may be. The use of these quick cuts between all of these aspects enables the audience to be able to be enticed by their visuals in the sense that they are drawn to the visual pictures as they would like to know what will be happening next as well as being fed with consistently finding out more about Bond through the showing of his emotions in the shots and the way they are quickly cut.
Manipulation of diegetic space and time
Manipulation of diegetic space and time is where the editing slows down or speeds up time and cuts through events therefore presenting them in a manipulated way for instance in a film, a Character may go back in time in order to relive or show an event which occurred in the past which therefore slows down the time. This is effective because it allows the audience to be able to understand this event especially when it is slowed down, the audience are able to be more analytical and understand the facts of the particular scene but apart from this, manipulation of diegetic space and time may also benefit both producers/directors as well as the audience as this is quite a different way of editing.
Manipulation of diegetic space and time is shown in many movies in these days considering we live in a very technological examples include The Matrix 1999 and The Karate Kid Training Scene which are shown below.
The example given in the Karate kid shows that it takes him to learn how to train to learn Karate however through the use of manipulation of time, it is speed up to basically 15 minutes when in essence we know that it probably took days or weeks, this way more scenes are added to show snippets day by day of the training rather than making the footage drag. This is also 'montage'.
Similarly, In the film The Matrix, The scene shows the Helipad Fight scene is a prime example of the manipulation of diegetic space and time in the scene. The effect of this is once again it enables the audience to understand the depth of the fight. I believe its more effective for a bullet to hit a victim in a slow motion as this shows the impact of the bullet hitting the person and also enables us to understand the extent of the injury where as the physicality of this scene such as the physical fights were more speed up in order to keep up with and creates an adrenaline rush which just keeps us as the audience wanting more and more actions as we are visually connected.
Film, Video, Analogue and Digital.
All four of these concepts have really aided each other and enabled one another to evolve as time also went by until the digital stage which it has reached today so we can truly conclude that these have truly grown from growth to growth.
Below I have inserted a timeline in order to illustrated how Film, Video, Analogue and Digital have played in part in film and editing today which I thought would better explain this process.
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